Cajal间质细胞的研究进展

Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of Cajal,ICC)是一类主要分布于胃肠道的间质细胞,是胃肠道的起搏细胞(pacemaker cell)和信号传导细胞,与肌细胞以及末梢神经元有着紧密的关系,具有激发和促进胃肠蠕动的作用.借助于电子显微镜技术,清楚观察到了ICC位置分布和内部精细结构;应用免疫荧光等生化技术,发现了其特殊表达的C-kit蛋白;利用电生理技术,得知多种胃肠动力障碍疾病也与其异常有关.多年来,学者逐渐在胃肠道、胆道、膀胱、子宫等部位发现了ICC的踪迹,并试图阐述其与某些疾病的发生机制.本文就ICC的起源、形态学、受体和功能、以及与其相关的疾病等作一综述.     

健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响

目的探讨健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2009年1月至2011年1月住院分娩的238例HBsAg阳性产妇为观察组,采用健康教育路径方式宣教;选择2006年12月至2008年12月住院分娩的263例HBsAg阳性产妇为对照组,采用传统健康教育方式进行宣教。比较两组产妇母乳喂养依从性及产妇母乳喂养知识知晓情况。结果观察组产妇对于母乳喂养的相关知识知晓情况较好,得分80分以上的占70.59%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,哺乳≥6个月的产妇占69.75%,哺乳<6个月者占19.75%,未采用母乳喂养者仅占10.50%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 HBsAg阳性产妇进行母乳喂养并不增加婴儿乙型病毒性肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)的感染率,健康教育路径能有效提高产妇母乳喂养的依从性及喂养知识知晓情况。     

Gene Expression Analysis Using a High‐Resolution DNA Microarray of Peripheral Whole Blood Immediately Before and After Leukocytapheresis for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) is a safe, unique therapy pertaining to intractable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) even in cases of drug allergy or infectious states. To investigate how to represent LCAP efficacy, we have conducted gene expression analyses from the peripheral blood of RA patients treated with non‐woven polyethylene terephthalate filters. Peripheral blood samples were collected immediately before and after treatment from eight RA patients who received LCAP. Among these patients, all of them achieved 20% improvement in the core set of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR20), and thus, they were confirmed as LCAP responders. Gene expression analysis was done with a high‐resolution DNA microarray. The results of each of the two groups' gene expression values (immediately before and after LCAP) were calculated using Welch's t‐test. Calculations were performed with a statistical software R.basic package: if the P‐value was less than 0.05, this was seen as a significant change. In a comparison of 25 370 gene expressions, the number of genes showing a P‐value < 0.05 in the upregulating group was 2110, and in the downregulating group it was 1864. The results of pathway analysis using the MetaCore program indicate that gene groups work for cytoskeletal remodeling are upregulated, and genes related to immune responses, such as antigens presenting via major histocompatibility complex class I and II, are downregulated just after LCAP. These findings may relate to LCAP efficacy for RA patients, but this needs further investigation.     

临床护理路径在脑梗死患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨临床护理路径在住院脑梗死患者护理中的应用效果.方法:将86例脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为路径组和对照组各43例,路径组采取临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式,对照组采用传统的整体护理模式.结果:路径组患者对疾病相关知识的掌握程度、出院后自护能力和护理服务满意度均高于对照组(P＜0.05);路径组住院时间和医疗费用均少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式能促进脑梗死患者疾病的康复,缩短了住院时间,节省了住院费用.     

Acquisition and analysis of 3D mandibular movement using a device based on electromagnetic sensors and a neural network

In dental medicine, the study of mandibular movement has an important role in oral rehabilitation as it allows diagnosis of pathologies in the temporomandibular joint and the definition of adequate treatment plans. In this paper, a new device specially developed for the acquisition and analysis of 3D mandibular movement is presented. A facial arc is adopted as its main support structure and electromagnetic sensors are employed to acquire the mandibular movement. A neural network is used to transform the electrical signals output by the sensors into 3D Cartesian coordinates. A custom-made computer application is developed to display and analyse the movement acquired. The device is shown to be easy to use, comfortable for patients and capable of being produced at an affordable price.     

Modelling stabilograms with hidden Markov models

Hidden Markov models are an effective computational method for modelling and interpreting digital signals of biological, as well as other, origin. In the current investigation, we explored whether hidden Markov models can be used to control and represent phenomena in human balance signals recorded from subjects standing on a force platform. Additionally, our aim was to classify healthy controls and patients who suffered from Menière's disease into their own classes. Hidden Markov models were capable of these tasks and of overcoming such disturbances as noise and other unforeseen perturbations in balance signals, which are inherently complex and possibly difficult to visually specify.     

临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响

目的观察临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响。方法选择2011年6月～2013年6月于我科行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的120例患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组：给予常规护理;观察组采用临床护理路径,比较两组患者围手术期应激反应。结果对照组T1时HR、MAP、血糖和血浆NE、E、皮质醇较T0时均增高,T2时有所降低;观察组各指标变化趋势同对照组,但波动幅度明显减小,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论临床护理路径能够减轻腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期的应激反应,有利于患者安全平稳地度过手术期。     

Engineering strategies to control vascular endothelial growth factor stability and levels in a collagen matrix for angiogenesis: The role of heparin sodium salt and the PLGA-based microsphere approach

New vessel formation is the result of the complex orchestration of various elements, such as cells, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM). In order to establish the suitable conditions for an effective cell response, the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) complexation with heparin sodium salt (Hp) on its pro-angiogenic activity has been evaluated by an in vitro capillary-like tube formation assay. VEGF with or without Hp was embedded into collagen gels, and the activated matrices were characterized in terms of VEGF activity and release kinetics. Taking into account the crucial role of Hp in VEGF stability and activity, VEGF/Hp complex was then encapsulated into microspheres based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and microsphere properties, VEGF/Hp release kinetics and VEGF in vitro activity over time were evaluated. Integrated microsphere/collagen matrices were developed in order to provide a continuous release of active VEGF/Hp inside the matrix but also a VEGF gradient at the boundary, which is an essential condition for endothelial cell attraction and scaffold invasion. The results confirmed a strong influence of Hp on VEGF configuration and, consequently, on its activity, while the encapsulation of VEGF/Hp complex in PLGA-microspheres guaranteed a sustained release of active VEGF for more than 30 days. This paper confirms the importance of VEGF stability and signal presentation to cells for an effective proangiogenic activity and highlights how the combination of two stabilizing approaches, namely VEGF/Hp complexation and entrapment within PLGA-based microspheres, may be a very effective strategy to achieve this goal.     

High-resolution CT Findings Suggest a Developmental Abnormality Underlying Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome

Objective--Patients with superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome experience vertigo and oscillopsia with loud sounds and/or stimuli that result in changes in middle ear or intracranial pressure. Findings on temporal bone CT were analyzed to determine if a developmental abnormality is associated with the syndrome. Material and methods--Temporal bone CT scans [0.5 mm collimation and projections into the superior semicircular canal (SC) plane] were used to compare the bone overlying the SC in patients with SCD syndrome (20 unilateral, 7 bilateral) and in 88 patients without SCD syndrome who had undergone temporal bone CT for evaluation of other otologic disorders (controls). Results--The thickness of bone overlying the SC in the controls measured 0.67±0.38 mm (mean±SD). For individual control subjects, the thickness of bone on one side was correlated with that on the other side (r=0.43; p&;lt;0.0001). The thickness of bone overlying the SC on the intact side in patients with unilateral dehiscence measured 0.31±0.23 mm, and was thinner than that noted in the controls (p&;lt;0.0001). Conclusions--These findings support the notion that there is a developmental abnormality underlying SCD syndrome. When dehiscence is found on one side, the contralateral side is likely to be thin.